Williams

Williams’Accumulation/Distribution (W_A/D) – indicator MetaTrader 5

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Williams’ A/D is the accumulated sum of positive “accumulational” and negative “distributional” price movements.

For example, if the current closing price is higher than the previous one, W/AD increases by the difference between the current closing price and the true minimum. If the current closing price is lower than the previous one, W/AD decreases by the difference between the current closing price and the true maximum.

The term “accumulation” denotes a market controlled by purchasers and the term “distribution” means that sellers control the market.
Divergences between the indicator and the price are a signals. Like most indicators, W/AD leads the tool price. In other words, when a divergence appears, the price changes its direction according to the indicator.

  • If the price reaches a new maximum, but the accumulation/distribution indicator cannot reach a new maximum, it means that the security is distributing itself. It is a signal for sell.
  • If the price reaches a new minimum, but the accumulation/distribution indicator cannot reach a new minimum, it means that the security is accumulating. It is a signal for buy.

Williams'Accumulation/Distribution indicator

Williams’Accumulation/Distribution indicator

Calculation:

To calculate the accumulation/distribution indicator, first you have to find a “True Range High” (TRH) and “True Range Low” (TRL):

TRH (i) = MAX (HIGH (i) || CLOSE (i – 1))
TRL (i) = MIN (LOW (i) || CLOSE (i – 1))

Then you must find the current value of accumulation/distribution (CurA/D) by comparing today and yesterday’s closing prices.

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If the current closing price is higher than the previous one, then:

CurА/D = CLOSE (i) – ТRL (i)

If the current closing price is lower than the previous one, then:

CurА/D = CLOSE (i) – ТRH (i)

If current and previous closing prices coincide then:

CurА/D = 0

Williams’ accumulation/distribution indicator is a growing sum of these values for each day:

WА/D (i) = CurА/D + WА/D (i – 1)

where:

  • TRH (i) – the True Range High;
  • TRL (i) – the True Range Low;
  • MIN – the minimum value;
  • MAX – the maximum value;
  • || – the logical OR;
  • LOW (i) – the minimum price of the current bar;
  • HIGH (i) – the maximum price of the current bar;
  • CLOSE (i) – the closing price of the current bar;
  • CLOSE (i – 1) – the closing price of the previous bar;
  • CurА/D – means current value of accumulation/distribution;
  • WА/D (i) – the current value of William’s Accumulation/Distribution indicator;
  • WА/D (i – 1) – the value of William’s Accumulation/Distribution indicator on the previous bar.


Williams’Accumulation/Distribution (W_A/D) – indicator MetaTrader 5
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